Posted By Sultan al-Qassemi Share

The Arab world watched in awe last week as brave Tunisians overthrew their corrupt president, Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali, of the past 23 years. As in other Arab "republics" established in the populist ferment of the 1950s, Tunisians have been suffering from rampant corruption and economic deprivation for decades -- leading to frustration that eventually boiled onto the streets despite their government's tight restrictions on freedom of speech and assembly.

Leaders of the other republics in the region are no doubt nervous as they watch the aftermath of the Tunisian uprising play out across the Middle East. During what academic Malcolm Kerr referred to as the "Arab Cold War," former Egyptian leader Gamal Abdul Nasser envisioned that these governments would finally throw off the shackles of colonialism and become representative of their people's wishes. (In a great moment of historical irony, Ben Ali fled Tunisia on what would have been Nasser's 93rd birthday.) But today, a quick scan through the list of countries inspired by his ideas -- from Yemen to Egypt, Iraq to Libya --reveals a who's who list of failed and autocratic states in the Middle East.

 

Meanwhile, it is the Gulf city-states of Abu Dhabi, Dubai, and Doha -- all of which are ruled by an assortment of emirs and monarchs -- that offer the most compelling path forward for the Arab world. Despite a lack of Western-style democracy, talented young Arabs have flocked to these states in search of a better life. By 2004, an estimated 3.5 million Arabs had immigrated to the Gulf states for work opportunities, coming mostly from Egypt (almost 1.5 million), Yemen (0.9million) and Palestine/Jordan (0.5 million), according to U.N. statistics. The secity-states have also become havens for some of the Middle East's more recognizable proponents of democracy who have been exiled from their native lands, such as Iraq's Adnan Pachachi and former Yemeni vice president Ali Salem al-Beed,who lived in exile in Oman for many years.

The Gulf emirates also score higher than the Arab republics on a wide variety of human development indicators. The 2010 U.N. Human Development Report shows that Bahrain, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates surpass the Arab republics in life expectancy, years of education, and income. The majority even score higher on gender equality as well. The report also named Oman, another Arab monarchy, as the nation that has made the greatest strides in the past 40 years, particularly in education. At the end of the day, gradual liberalization and institutional development have proven much more important than sham elections.

Of course, it helps to have vast oil and gas reserves. Yet the success of the Gulf emirates is not solely the result of their hydrocarbon wealth. Algeria, Libya,and Iraq are blessed with substantial energy reserves that far outstrip those of Bahrain, Dubai, and Oman. The monarchies of the Gulf have simply proved themselves more adept at channelling their natural resources, and developing the human capital of their populations, than their "republican" counterparts.

The largest of these Gulf monarchies, Saudi Arabia, generally perceived to be bureaucratic and cumbersome, ranks 11th globally on the World Bank's Ease of Doing Business index and continues to promote economic reform aimed at attracting international investors. A 2010 U.N. report found that approximately 3 percent of world emigrants live in Saudi Arabia, making it one of the top 10 destinations in the world for expatriate labor. And through institutions like the KingAbdullah University of Science and Technology, the kingdom is scooping up highly skilled Arabs from Europe and North America to recreate the so-called Arab House of Wisdom, the Baghdad-based society that became the intellectual heart of the Islamic world during the Middle Ages.

Some may wish for a wave of democracy to sweep through the Middle East, bringing with it good governance and social development. But in the meantime, most Arabs would settle for a dignified and secure life. And that is precisely what the Gulf states are providing. Just look at the social milieu of the Gulf, where Lebanese students migrate because of the lack of jobs in their home country and Iraqi expatriates are quick to point out their former dictator's brutality.

These Arab republics have so far given "people power" a bad name, and it will take decades to reverse the damage that Nasser's ideas have done to Egypt and Syria. It is too early to tell how the Tunisian uprising will turn out, but in the meantime, it is the Arab monarchies that are offering young Arabs an opportunity to live in dignity without leaving the region, and hope for a better life.

Sultan al-Qassemi is a columnist for the UAE-based The National and a non-resident fellow at the Dubai School of Government.

AFP/Getty Images

 

WALSAYED

12:29 PM ET

January 17, 2011

Not Quite

Having a small population that has not endured the legacy of colonialism in the same way that other Arab nations have is a big factor. These Arab nations have fought for independence and now they're fighting for another form of self-determination. Such history wasn't as prevalent in the Gulf.

We have to admit that even if these so called Gulf "city-states" are enjoying impressive human development records, there are still similarities between them and these corrupt regimes in other Arab nations. Freedom of press is constantly being violated so are human rights. And let's not forget the recent Bahrain Financial Report that showed how much financial corruption is going around among ministries and government authorities.

The current Gulf governments have not said much with regards to what happened in Tunis, minus Qatar that respected the "will" of the people, so in a way we have to ask ourselves why? If your house is made out of glass .... we all know the rest ..

I think we should not try to overestimate the solidness of the current "western" but not quite "democratic" model in the Gulf, it is not a coincidence that Bahrain, being the first country in the Gulf to run out of oil, is the one that is going through a political havoc at the present time (yes, I do understand the demographics of Bahrain is also a factor), and that Kuwait with the most valid democratic experience in the Gulf is having confidence votes on the Prime Minister. Give people in the Gulf more political rights and we shall see a different story.

 

WALSAYED

12:33 PM ET

January 17, 2011

One more thing

Saudi Arabia hosted Uganda's dictator Adi Amin ... not quite the freedom fighter

 

WNAFEE

6:39 PM ET

January 17, 2011

Nativity

It's quite naive to imply that economic success is proof that monarchies are a good. When has economic success been the only indicator of the human condition or of political systems?

With all due respect Mr. Al-Qassemi, it sounds like your approach is based on textbook idealism of the world and not a practical ideological one that strives to define what's inherently right or wrong.

 

EMADOV

8:16 PM ET

January 17, 2011

Choose from different alternatives

The Tunisian uprising which was obviously against the economic conditions, turned in its latter stage to unfold political demands. It had political revolutionary impact on the region. How far the peoples across the region would respond depends on how they perceive their political rights. In Gulf Monarchies the subsequent demands are likely to address corruption, the issue of accountability, maybe - but not neccessirly - demands for further representation accession. It is not only the lack of political awareness among large number of the populace, the matter has to do as well with the large number of beneficiaries from the current regimes. Most of the population are employed in the public sector and almost each has resided in a time or another to exceptional means to advance personal interests. People usually do not choose from what is right or wrong, they choose from available alternatives and the suitable selection happens many a time to be ideally wrong.

In countries like Egypt, Algeria, and Yemen, the public is highly excited to follow the Tunisian example based on the fact that the' constitutions of these states entitle the public to rise the level of their demands up to disqualifying the executive authority, Any economic or even political adventures by the regimes in this period would bring about its collapse. In Yemen, if the ruling party insist on passing the recent proposed constitutional amendments, it will definitely provoke not just the opposition parties but the street as well.Likewise, Egypt has to play down its succession plan. Lets remember that public demands - in the beginning - have to be reasonable and within the framework of state's legal and constitutional facts, a matter that leaves Gulf monarchies much better off and more politically safe.

 

MGHULOUM

12:22 AM ET

January 18, 2011

Rise of Arab absolute tribal monarchies

This is probably a "fallacy?". I am from the Gulf, and I know that without our oil, we would be no better than these "terrible" republics (some of them truly are horrible, like Libya, some are just corrupt, like Egypt). Yes, let us pack it all in and let us all go back to the absolute tribal family monarchies/oligarchies. After all, the absolute tribal monarch and his many kinfolk know what is best for all of us.
As for the claim that "The monarchies of the Gulf have simply proved themselves more adept at channelling their natural resources, and developing the human capital of their populations, than their "republican" counterparts.....": Let us also forget that the UAE (example) has at least 80% of its people as foreign temporary expatriate workers, housemaids, street sweepers, and other laborers. Let us forget that these people can't really be allowed to leave because then who would rent all these apartments built by the potentates and who would buy all the goods the potentates import from China (mostly)? Now all these people ate not being developed in any way as human capital, but they are and will be always there 9with replacements of course)

 

AD2011

1:15 AM ET

January 18, 2011

Women in the picture?

I would like to hear the voice of Gulf women on this idea.

I know that in the UAE there are women milieus who have managed to find a voice within governance structures.

I don't believe this is the case in KSA

They represent an important part of the population.

 

N.AHMAD

2:57 AM ET

January 18, 2011

As a Gulf Arab woman I have

As a Gulf Arab woman I have to say that this article is ridiculous.

Yes, women have gone far in the UAE and are allowed much more freedom than places like Saudi Arabia but once you look under the facade, there is so much wrong with the country. Women do not have as many rights as they should to be able to say that they are living in "dignity".

The state of affairs concerning domestic abuse (just one aspect of the severe social problems) is appalling. The laws, the courts, and human rights are not in any state that is worth commending.

I believe the government is just as bad as any other of these countries, it's only because it doesn't have any economic issues that the problems haven't arisen and there haven't been any riots.

Face it--if people in these Gulf Arab states were facing the same problems as Tunisia or Egypt you can guarantee there would be chaos, turmoil, violence and upheaval.

This kind of article is a great instance of the problem of the Arab mentality these days. Forget human rights, justice, equality, development.. Being able to drive my Ferrari means that everything is just fine!

To say that because people are living comfortably, the government is doing a good job is a sorely misguided statement.

 

ATHARMIAN

4:46 AM ET

January 18, 2011

Facts and fallacies in the (imperfect) Arab World

The problem I see with seemingly intellectual arguments is the paucity of relevant facts. There is deep insecurity about one's own identity and refusal to step beyond failed Western ideologies, while blaming each other.

True, Gulf monarchies are less than perfect but let's look at so-called Western democracies, which today are nothing more than the tyranny of majorities. The recent economic crisis has heightened the rich-poor divide, and powerful interest groups like Tea Partiers are free to roam and kill (even noted public figures.) Or let's not forget the liberal French and other Europeans who treat their ex-colonial immigrants like dirt, even though they represent 3-8% or less of the total population but are accused of bigotry, violence and are condemned to a slave life in these ugly housing projects. No different than the Black experience in freedom-loving America, something that unfortunately is coming back with full force.

Nasser's Arab socialism, a confused doctrine borrowed from colonial masters, simply replaced colonial rule by domestic dictatorships based on force (exclusively military coups.) The article points out importantly that oil wealth isn't limited to the Gulf states. In fact Dubai, among the UAE states, and Bahrain, have almost no oil anyway.Yet they built themselves as a marvel of comparative tolerance and socio-economic progress, with the UAE alone supporting millions of expat workers (500-700% of the local populace) like a true global contributor unlike the rhetorical West. Gulf abuse of expats is far lower than, say in the US, where immigrants today can simply be jailed arbitrarily, or let to die in New York prisons without legal recourse !

Ironically many of the tired, old Arab socialists and revolutionaries seem happy with their life in the Gulf, while criticizing their generous hosts and demanding justice and freedom in their home nations as armchair warriors. Clearly they did not bring about the Tunisian uprising which caught all by surprise.

The fact remains that those bedouin sheikhs have done much better because they were always accessible by, and closer to, their people, believing in self-help and local values, than all those urban Arab intellectuals (and tormentors) who, by the way, are still clueless. Progress comes from visionary leadership that appeals to the people, not borrowed ideals and slogans. Change comes from within, and cannot happen without true sacrifice.

 

WALSAYED

9:30 AM ET

January 18, 2011

Migrant workers are treated better

As someone who comes from the Gulf I would beg to differ

How about you watch this sneak peak of what it means to be a migrant worker in the Gulf

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ijnrMYFxcQw

And as someone who has lived both in the US and a gulf country, I admit that there are similarities between the treatment of immigrants, including "jailing" which you dismiss. However, In the Gulf it is not simply an institutionalized system that violates human rights, it is also the people's mentality that views these workers as inferior and thus treats them as slaves ...

You cite the example of Bahrain and Dubai as successful examples. I would say, as impressive as Bahrain's development is, it is unfair to ignore the situation there. Just because you don't hear as much of it in "Western" news outlets, does not mean that this great ally of the West still perfect. Just read about the recent trials of children, yes I say children, in state security cases.

And as for dubai ... yes kudos for this great economic growth that made dubai a city of foreigners with no natives. Economic success trumped any call for democracy and it is just interesting how no Western Ally pressures these nations as much for democratic reform. And what tolerance are we talking about here? the fact that all these international communities live next to each other and hardly interact with one another?

In states where free press is non-existant, it is easy to think that everything is perfect and everything is glamourous, but you have to have lived there to realize that even in the beautiful gulf there is a facade to reality.

If people are satisfied economically, no one would riot, but we can't ignore at what cost. Take the money factor out, and we will see more angry and more dissatisfied people.

 

TSALRASHOUD

10:18 AM ET

January 18, 2011

Despite Wealth, Disaffection & Repression Present

As a Kuwaiti, I must say that this article disregards a great deal of popular disaffection and government repression that, whilst not as severe as in the much poorer Arab republics, are still very significant. It is ironic that such an article would be written while the Kuwaiti government is in the midst of a political crisis in which a popular movement comprised of various political forces is seeking to oust the Prime Minister from power (See on this website: "Kuwait: Too Much Politics, or Not Enough?"). In fact, this movement has drawn a great deal of inspiration from the events in Tunisia, which have been followed closely in the country.

The main event that fueled this movement was the brutal beating of Kuwaiti citizens, including parliamentary deputies, by riot police during a rally. The crisis has been compounded by the revelation that a Kuwaiti citizen was tortured to death by police, allegedly for bootlegging. Furthermore, journalists and political activists are being tried and even jailed by the government, as in the case of journalist Mohammed al-Jassim. All this points to a large degree of popular discontent on political issues despite a high standard of living.

If one turns to Bahrain, the poorest of the Gulf states, one sees an even worse situation. It was only last September that the government launched a heavy handed crackdown on the opposition. Affected were not only political groups not recognized by the law but human rights groups and the media. This was only the latest episode in a long series of protests and clashes between disenfranchised segments of the population and the regime that began in the mid-nineties. It must not be forgotten that prior to the 2002 reforms, Bahrain was ruled as a repressive police state for three decades.

I'm not even going to go into the case of repression in Saudi Arabia, with which most people are familiar. Finally, I do not see how states such as Oman can gain credit for harboring proponents of democracy whilst being absolute monarchies themselves.

 

DESMUKH

4:10 PM ET

January 18, 2011

Lies, damned lies, and statistics

The commenters above have rightly pointed out the flaws in the claims made in the article. But the most obvious error in the evidence provided has been missed.

The author writes:
"Algeria, Libya,and Iraq are blessed with substantial energy reserves that far outstrip those of Bahrain, Dubai, and Oman. The monarchies of the Gulf have simply proved themselves more adept at channelling their natural resources, and developing the human capital of their populations, than their republican counterparts."

It is true that the mentioned republics have more hydrocarbon wealth than the named Gulf monarchies -- but they also have far greater populations.

The actual metric we should be looking at is hydrocarbon wealth per capita.

The combined population of Bahrain, Dubai and Oman is roughly 6 million in total.

The population of Algeria is 35 million, Iraq is 31 million and Libya is 6.5 million.

Given this, the claim that Gulf monarchies have channeled their resources demonstrably better than the "republics" falls flat. The monarchies just have more oil to go around.

 

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